Spondylolisthesis
Displaced vertebra
Spondylolisthesis is the slippage of one vertebra over another, typically forward, although it can also slip backward. This misalignment alters the spine, potentially compressing nerve structures or altering its biomechanics.
It involves history (lower back pain, sciatica), physical examination (spinal inspection, mobility, neurological tests), radiographs in various views to visualize the slippage, CT scan or MRI to see nerve compression, anatomical changes and severity.
Lower back pain (sometimes radiating to the legs)
Feeling of instability in the back
Weakness, tingling, or numbness in the lower limbs.
Difficulty standing or walking for extended periods.
In severe cases, autonomic dysfunction: bladder or bowel (rare)
Activity modification and relative rest
Physical therapy to stabilize lumbar and abdominal muscles.
Pain relievers, anti-inflammatories
Use of a lumbar support belt in some cases.
Radiofrequency ablation ↗︎ for relief of facet joint pain associated
Minimally invasive surgery ↗︎ (merger/stabilization) or arthrodesis ↗︎ in cases of instability or severe pain resistant to conservative treatment
Complementary therapies ↗︎ Hydrotherapy, adapted yoga, relaxation techniques
Degeneration of the intervertebral discs or facet joints
Previous trauma or fractures
Activities that subject the spine to repeated loads.
Congenital spinal anomalies
Intense physical exertion or excess weight
Is spondylolisthesis hereditary?
Some types have a congenital component, but many result from wear and tear or acquired factors.
Is it always necessary to operate?
No; many cases improve significantly with conservative treatment. Surgery is only indicated in cases of severe pain, instability, or nerve compression.
Can I play sports?
Yes, with adaptations; muscle strengthening is important. Some sports with repetitive impact should be avoided.
Does it affect daily life?
It may be limiting, but with proper treatment, a good quality of life can be restored.