Herniated Disc
Worn vertebra
It is a common condition, especially in the lumbar and cervical regions, resulting from natural wear and tear, repetitive strain, or sudden movements. Although it is often painful and debilitating, not all cases require surgery. In most situations, initial treatment is conservative, with physiotherapy, medication, and postural correction, reserving minimally invasive or surgical techniques only for persistent or severe cases.
The diagnostic approach begins with a clinical evaluation of the symptoms: radicular pain, radiation to the limbs, and functional limitation. A neurological examination allows for the identification of signs of nerve compression. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred examination for visualizing disc protrusions or herniations. Plain radiographs and CT scans help to rule out other structural causes of pain.
Local pain and radiating pain (e.g., sciatica)
Numbness or tingling in the lower or upper limbs
Muscle weakness in the area of the affected nerve.
Worsening pain when coughing, sneezing, or straining.
There may be changes in sensitivity or reflexes.
Relative rest, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs.
Physical therapy (stretching, traction, postural strengthening)
Epidural injections for persistent pain
Endoscopic surgery ↗︎ or minimally invasive ↗︎ (microdiscectomy) when there is nerve compression resistant to conservative treatment
Arthrodesis in complex cases with vertebral instability.
Complementary therapies ↗︎Acupuncture, clinical Pilates, postural awareness exercises.
Natural degeneration of the discs with age.
Mechanical overload or trauma
Lifting weights improperly
Repetitive flexion/extension or twisting movements
Genetic predisposition
Can a hernia disappear on its own?
Yes, many cases improve with treatment that doesn't require surgery.
Does surgery prevent recurrence?
Surgery removes the disc fragment that is causing symptoms. However, this does not prevent a new fragment from forming in the future, either in the same disc or at another level in the spine.
Can I continue working?
It depends on the severity and type of work; adjustments or temporary leave may be necessary.
Is prevention possible?
Yes: correct posture, avoiding excessive loads, maintaining strong muscles, and good overall health.