Spinal Canal Stenosis
Nerve Compression
Spinal stenosis is the narrowing of the spinal canal through which the spinal cord passes, or of the foramina through which nerves exit the spine. This narrowing can compress the nervous system, causing neurological symptoms.
It is a common condition, mainly in the cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) regions, and can result from natural wear and tear, trauma, or repetitive strain.
Diagnosis begins with careful listening to the patient's medical history: pain, tingling, and feelings of weakness. This is followed by a thorough neurological examination, essential for identifying signs of nerve compression. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard examination, allowing for precise visualization of the degree of narrowing and impact on nerve structures. In some cases, computed tomography (CT) or myelography may be indicated for further evaluation. X-rays help analyze spinal alignment and bone changes, such as joint thickening.
Back or neck pain depending on the location.
Tingling, numbness, or weakness in the arms or legs.
Difficulty walking, a feeling of heaviness or fatigue in the legs after periods of standing.
In cervical cases, coordination problems and abnormal reflexes may occur.
Physical therapy to maintain mobility and reduce nerve pressure.
Pain relievers, anti-inflammatories
Epidural injections in painful crises
Radiofrequency ablation ↗︎ for pain associated with facet joints
Endoscopic surgery ↗︎ or minimally invasive surgery ↗︎ for spinal canal decompression
Arthrodesis in severe cases of instability
Complementary therapies ↗︎ for symptom control and improved quality of life
Bone or disc degeneration with osteophytes
Thickening of the ligaments (yellow ligament)
Herniated discs that invade the spinal canal.
Accidents or injuries
Congenital abnormalities of the spinal canal
Does stenosis always cause pain?
Not always; some people have altered images without symptoms. There is no direct relationship between the severity of the compression and the symptoms, although blocked ducts tend to be more symptomatic.
What is the recovery like after surgery?
It depends on the degree of compression and the duration of the condition; there may be gradual improvement in strength, pain, and sensation with physiotherapy.
Can I prevent stenosis?
Maintain proper posture, strengthen muscles, avoid overloading, and manage body weight.
Is surgery dangerous?
Like any surgery, it has risks, but when properly indicated, the benefits outweigh the risks in cases of severe nerve compression.